![]() Congress delicately changed the American salute to the hand-on-heart gesture in 1942. A few days after publication, I received an email from a biographer of Wheeler that insisted the senator was not giving a Nazi salute it was, he wrote, a Bellamy salute, a patriotic gesture to the American flag widely used at pledge of allegiance ceremonies. These facts together make the whole history of the Pledge a little odd. A few days after publication, I received an email from a biographer of Wheeler that insisted the senator was not giving a Nazi salute it was, he wrote, a Bellamy salute, a patriotic gesture. The salute, called the Bellamy salute, notably looks a lot like the Roman salute. This worked fine until the 1920s, when Italian fascists and then German Nazis adopted similar salutes. Pledge of Allegiance is an oath of allegiance written by Christian socialist minister Francis Bellamy in August 1892. Standing thus, all repeat together, slowly, ‘I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic for which it stands one Nation indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for all.’ At the words, ‘to my Flag,’ the right hand is extended gracefully, palm upward, toward the Flag, and remains in this gesture till the end of the affirmation whereupon all hands immediately drop to the side. In 1892, Francis Bellamy created what was known as the Bellamy salute. ![]() ![]() Another signal is given every pupil gives the flag the military salute - right hand lifted, palm downward, to a line with the forehead and close to it. It was officially replaced by the hand-over-heart salute when Congress amended the Flag Code on December 22, 1942. This salute accompanied the Balch pledge and instructed students to stand with their right hand outstretched toward the flag, the fingers of which are then brought to the forehead, followed by being placed flat over the heart, and finally falling to the side. When minister Francis Bellamy published the American Pledge of Allegiance in Youth’s Companion in 1892, his colleague James Upham devised a salute to go along with it, snapping the heels together and extending the right arm toward the flag:Īt a signal from the Principal the pupils, in ordered ranks, hands to the side, face the Flag. Congress adopted the pledge in 1942 but not the Bellamy salute, extending the right arm toward the flag with hand outstretched, which was deemed too close. The Bellamy salute is a palm-out salute described by Francis Bellamy, the author of the American Pledge of Allegiance, as the gesture which was to accompan. ![]()
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